Business Economics & Commercial Knowledge โ€“ CA Foundation Course | Cyberoid Academy

Business Economics & Business and Commercial Knowledge - CA Foundation

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CA Foundation Course โ€“ Business Economics & Business and Commercial Knowledge


The CA Foundation course includes Business Economics & Business and Commercial Knowledge as Paper 4. This paper is divided into two sections:

  • Business Economics (60 Marks)
  • Business and Commercial Knowledge (40 Marks)

๐Ÿ“Œ Business Economics (60 Marks)


๐Ÿ“– Introduction to Business Economics

  • Meaning and scope of Business Economics
  • Basic economic problems
  • Types of economies: Capitalist, Socialist & Mixed Economy
  • Role of business economics in decision-making

๐Ÿ“– Theory of Demand and Supply

  • Meaning and determinants of demand
  • Law of demand and exceptions
  • Elasticity of demand (Price, Income, and Cross Elasticity)
  • Concept of Supply and Law of Supply
  • Market Equilibrium and Price Determination

๐Ÿ“– Theory of Production and Cost

  • Production function: Short-run and Long-run
  • Law of Variable Proportions
  • Returns to Scale
  • Cost concepts: Fixed cost, Variable cost, Total cost, Marginal cost, and Average cost
  • Short-run and Long-run cost curves

๐Ÿ“– Price Determination in Different Markets

  • Types of Market Structures: Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition, and Oligopoly
  • Price and Output Determination under Different Market Structures
  • Concept of Revenue: Total, Average, and Marginal Revenue

๐Ÿ“– Business Cycles

  • Phases of Business Cycles: Expansion, Peak, Contraction, and Trough
  • Causes and Impact of Business Cycles
  • Measures to Control Business Cycles

๐Ÿ“Œ Business and Commercial Knowledge (40 Marks)


๐Ÿ“– Business and Commercial Knowledge โ€“ An Introduction

  • Nature and Scope of Business
  • Forms of Business Organizations
  • Business Objectives

๐Ÿ“– Business Environment

  • Components of Business Environment: Economic, Political, Legal, Technological, and Social
  • Role of Government in Business
  • Impact of Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG)

๐Ÿ“– Business Organizations

  • Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Companies, and LLPs
  • Public and Private Sector Enterprises
  • Emerging Trends in Business: Startups, E-commerce, Digital Business

๐Ÿ“– Government Policies for Business Growth

  • Fiscal and Monetary Policies
  • Economic Planning in India
  • Industrial Policies and Foreign Trade Policies

๐Ÿ“– Organizations Facilitating Business

  • Overview of Chambers of Commerce and Industry Associations (CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM)
  • Role of SEBI, RBI, and Other Regulatory Bodies

๐Ÿ“– Common Business Terminologies

  • Basic Business & Economic Terms: GDP, Inflation, Fiscal Deficit, etc.
  • Banking & Financial Terms: Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate, CRR, SLR
  • Stock Market Terminologies: IPO, NIFTY, SENSEX

๐Ÿ”น Exam Pattern

  • Part A (Business Economics): 60 Marks
  • Part B (Business and Commercial Knowledge): 40 Marks
  • Objective-Type Questions (MCQs)
  • No Negative Marking

๐Ÿ“š This paper is designed to help students understand key economic and business concepts essential for commerce and finance professionals.

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