Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning and Statistics
Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning and Statistics - CA Foundation
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The Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning & Statistics paper is Paper 3 in the CA Foundation course, conducted by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). This paper tests students’ quantitative aptitude and logical reasoning skills, which are essential for financial and business analysis.
Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning & Statistics
📌 Total Marks: 100
📌 Exam Type: Objective (MCQs)
📌 Negative Marking: 0.25 marks deducted for each wrong answer
📌 Time Duration: 2 hours
Syllabus Breakdown:
The syllabus is divided into three sections:
Business Mathematics (40 Marks)
Covers mathematical concepts essential for business and finance.
1. Ratio, Proportion, Indices, and Logarithms
- Ratio and proportion (including properties & business applications)
- Laws of indices
- Logarithms and anti-logarithms, properties, and business applications
2. Equations and Matrices
- Linear equations up to three variables
- Quadratic equations
- Determinants and matrices (Basic operations & applications)
3. Time Value of Money
- Simple and compound interest
- Annuities (present and future value)
- Sinking funds, loan amortization
4. Permutations and Combinations
- Basic concepts
- Applications in business
5. Sequence and Series
- Arithmetic and geometric progressions
- Applications in finance
6. Sets, Relations, and Functions
- Basic set theory and Venn diagrams
- Types of functions and their applications
7. Differential and Integral Calculus
- Basic differentiation and integration (for business applications)
- Marginal cost and marginal revenue applications
Logical Reasoning (20 Marks)
Covers problem-solving skills and logical analysis.
1. Number Series, Coding & Decoding
- Number and letter series
- Coding-decoding patterns
2. Direction Tests
- Finding direction & distance based on given conditions
3. Seating Arrangements
- Circular and linear arrangements
4. Blood Relations
- Solving relationship puzzles
5. Syllogism
- Logical arguments and conclusions
6. Data Interpretation
- Logical interpretation of graphs, charts, and tables
Statistics (40 Marks)
Covers statistical methods for business decision-making.
1. Data Collection & Presentation
- Types of data (primary & secondary)
- Classification and tabulation
- Graphical and diagrammatic presentation
2. Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion
- Mean (Arithmetic, Weighted, Geometric, Harmonic)
- Median, Mode, Quartiles, Percentiles
- Range, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Variance
3. Correlation & Regression Analysis
- Karl Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients
- Regression equations and predictions
4. Probability Theory
- Basic probability concepts
- Probability rules and theorems
5. Theoretical Distributions
- Binomial, Poisson, and Normal distributions
6. Index Numbers & Time Series Analysis
- Types of index numbers (Price, Quantity, Value Index)
- Time series analysis: Trend, Seasonality, Cyclic variations
Study Tips:
✔ Practice MCQs to improve speed and accuracy.
✔ Focus on formulas and shortcut methods in mathematics.
✔ Solve previous years' papers for pattern analysis.
✔ Use logical tricks to enhance reasoning skills.
✔ Revise statistics thoroughly as it carries significant weightage.
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